Event Concepts and Contexts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Occasion Concepts and Contexts - Essay Example In that capacity, the occasions area in a given economy assumes a significant job in guaranteeing economical advancement of the district. Various people impact, or are influenced by, the occasions directed in an area. There are people who have interests in the occasions. There are the individuals who partake in the dynamic procedure in the arranging of the occasions. Others will be influenced here and there through directing the occasion. There are likewise people with the assets that are important to lead the occasion. Each occasion likewise has some objective group(s) that will be its crowd. The real members in the occasions are additionally significant gatherings to be thought of. By and large, an occasion will draw individuals from both general society and the private associations. The accomplishment of an occasion will rely upon the capacity of the coordinators to distinguish the key partners and comprehend their requirements. The coordinators of an occasion need to connect with the partners just from the primer phases of the event’s arrangement. There is have to have an ideal reaction to the requirements of these people so as to meet the destinations set for the occasion. This paper centers around Olympic Games as one of the occasions that are directed on the worldwide scene. The various partners of this occasion are talked about with how they are firmly appended to the occasions. There has likewise been a need to concentrate on the systems that have been utilized to connect with these partners in this uber occasion. The Sporting occasion Olympic Games Olympic Games establish a portion of the uber occasions that are led on the universal scene. The occasion is sorted out after like clockwork with Summer Olympic Games and Winter Olympic Games rotating after at regular intervals. Olympic Games include various athletic rivalries with competitors and players drawn from over the globe. The occasion has been in presence for quite a long time and has been facilitated by various nations over this period. The ongoing hosts of the occasion incorporate Sydney, Australia (2000), Salt Lake City, Utah-USA (2002), Athens, Greece (2004), Turin, Italy (2006), Beijing, China (2008), and Vancouver, Canada (2010).1 The occasion is additionally booked to occur in London, U.K. (2012), Sochi, Russia (2014), and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (2016).2 The ongoing Olympic Games were likewise joined by the Paralympics Olympic Games as was seen in the Salt Lake Olympic Games in Utah.3 Stakeholders of the Olympic Games For a given association, a partner is an individual, gatherings of people, or different associations that are influenced by, or can impact the tasks of the organizations.4 The partners in a given business association incorporate the representatives, the investors, the clients, the providers, the administration, the contenders, and the network among numerous others.5 Similarly, an occasion, regardless of whether sorted out for benefit or not for be nefit, additionally has partners influencing or influenced by the direct of the occasion. The partners have various courses through which they are joined to a given occasion. They have shifted enthusiasm for the occasion just as differed capacity to impact the arranging and execution of the event.6 As such, there are essential and optional partners. The essential partners have some conventional relationship with the coordinators of an occasion though

What Is Mitosis A Complete Guide to Mitotic Cell Division

What Is Mitosis A Complete Guide to Mitotic Cell Division SAT/ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips On the off chance that you’re contemplating science, the idea of mitosis is quite unavoidable. Mitosis is a piece of the cell cycle, and concentrating how cells stir makes up an immense bit of any science class. It’s safe to state you’re going to require some working information on mitosis if you’re hoping to float through any science related course or test. Here’s what we’re going to cover in this article so you’re up to speed on the motivation behind mitosis, how the procedure of mitosis works, and why mitosis is imperative to think about. We will: Answer the inquiry, â€Å"What is the reason for mitosis?† (definition and clarification of the significance of mitosis included) Portrayal of the 4 periods of mitosis Survey the similitudes and contrasts among mitosis and meiosis Our main three hints for examining and retaining the phases of mitosis, and Three assets for additional finding out about mitosis! What's more, presently, let our excursion through the universe of mitosis start! Mitosis Definition The principal thing we have to do is answer the inquiry, â€Å"What is mitosis?† In cell science, mitosis is a piece of what is known as the cell cycle. The phone cycle, now and again called the phone division cycle, is the arrangement of occasions that happen in a phone that lead to duplication of that cell’s DNA and, at last, the making of new cells. During mitosis, the phone division part of the phone cycle, a solitary parent cell’s reproduced hereditary material-called chromosomes-partitions to create two new, hereditarily indistinguishable little girl cells. In the cell cycle, the cell’s DNA is duplicated in interphase, the stage that goes before mitosis. Mitosis substitutes with interphase to make up the cell cycle completely. Indeed, a cell can't start mitosis until interphase is effectively finished. So we’ve clarified that mitosis is the piece of the cell cycle when cell division happens, however let’s get somewhat more point by point than that. During mitosis, one cell partitions one time, and the phone that’s being separated is constantly called the â€Å"parent cell.† When the way toward isolating the parent cell is finished, the outcome is two â€Å"daughter cells.† These phones are called little girl cells in light of the fact that, during mitosis, the hereditary material of the parent cell is given to each new little girl cell. Be that as it may, it’s essential to take note of that, in the kind of cells that experience mitosis, the hereditary material of the cell is contained inside the cell’s core. In this way, while mitosis is frequently alluded to as â€Å"cell division,† mitosis is actually the division of a cell’s core into two new, indistinguishable cores. What Types of Cells Undergo Mitosis? You may have found out about two sorts of cells: eukaryotic (creature) cells, and prokaryotic (plant) cells. The two sorts of cells experience cell division, however just eukaryotic cells experience cell division through mitosis. Truth be told, every single eukaryotic cell can take part in mitosis. Mitosis happens solely in eukaryotic cells since this sort of cell has a core. The core of a cell contains its hereditary issue, and this is what is passed to the new â€Å"daughter† cells during the time spent mitosis, or cell division. So as to recreate the hereditary material, mitosis needs to happen in cells that have a core. 2 Reasons Why Cells Divide (and Why Cell Division Is so Important) Addressing the inquiry, â€Å"Why do cells divide?† essentially likewise responds to the inquiry, â€Å"Why is mitosis important?† The procedure of mitotic cell division in eukaryotic cells is significant for two principle reasons: since cell division makes new cells that keep eukaryotic living beings flourishing, and in light of the fact that cell division passes a reliable hereditary personality to another age of cells. To start with, the division part of the phone cycle-mitosis-is so significant in light of the fact that the parent cell passes its hereditary data to its posterity cells (here and there called â€Å"daughter† cells) during this kind of cell division. In the event that cell division doesn’t happen, new cells can’t be made. What's more, it’s significant for new cells to be made in eukaryotic creatures on the grounds that . . . cells get exhausted and pass on! The dead cells should be supplanted with new cells so the life form can keep developing. Second, the procedure of mitosis is so significant in light of the fact that parent and little girl cells in specific sorts of life forms must be indistinguishable all together for the life form to endure. At the point when mitosis happens effectively, two new cells with the equivalent hereditary organization and an indistinguishable chromosome set to the past age are made. In the event that there’s a mistake during mitosis, hurtful conditions can create, similar to malignant growth or hemophilia. When Does Mitosis Occur in the Cell Cycle? Mitosis is extremely significant, however it’s in reality just a single piece of the cell cycle. A period called interphase goes before mitosis in the phone cycle, and interphase and mitosis substitute as the phone cycle happens again and again. In this way, mitosis is the second or closing piece of the cell cycle, and mitosis can't begin until interphase has been effectively finished. During interphase, the phone develops and builds up the proteins required for cell division. In the interphase period, the cell copies its chromosomes. When the chromosomes have been copied and every other condition are perfect in the cell, the main period of mitosis can start! The 4 Phases of Mitosis, Explained We have an any longer article that covers the four periods of mitosis in more detail, however we would like to give you an outline of what the four periods of mitosis are and what occurs during each stage here. On the off chance that you’re searching for a profound plunge into the four periods of mitosis, investigate our article, â€Å"A Detailed Breakdown of the 4 Phases of Mitosis†! Mitosis is a procedure that occurs in stages that consistently happen in a similar request and achieve similar errands (except if something turns out badly!). The four periods of mitosis are prophase (P), metaphase (M), anaphase (An), and telophase (T). Every one of these stages accomplishes the motivation behind mitosis by moving the procedure of cell division and proliferation along. Without the correct finish of every one of the four stages, cell division wouldn’t happen the way it’s expected to. We’ll rapidly breakdown each period of mitosis for you next! Stage 1: Prophase and Prometaphase During prophase, the main period of mitosis, the chromatins inside the cell’s core start consolidating into chromosomes. The defensive film encompassing the cell’s core, called the atomic envelope or layer, likewise starts to separate. As the chromosomes consolidate inside the core and the atomic film deteriorates, centrioles outside of the core begin pushing toward inverse sides of the phone and structure the mitotic shaft, which is comprised of strands called microtubules. The mitotic shaft extends from one side of the cell to the next, suspended between those centrioles that moved away from one another. Stage 2: Metaphase Metaphase is the second period of mitosis. During metaphase, shaft filaments join to the centromere of each pair of sister chromatids. The sister chromatids additionally move into the center of the phone and line up along an imperceptible line, called the metaphase plate. These shaft filaments set up the sister chromatids to isolate appropriately in the following period of mitosis. Stage 3: Anaphase Anaphase is the third period of mitosis, and this is when cell division truly starts. During anaphase, the shaft strands appended to the sister chromatids begin shortening, which pulls the sister chromatids separated down the center toward inverse sides of the phone. Before the finish of anaphase, each side of the cell has a total, indistinguishable arrangement of chromosomes. Stage 4: Telophase At long last, we have telophase: the fourth and last period of mitosis. In telophase, the isolated chromosomes begin to unfurl and frame chromatin. The shaft additionally crumbles, and another atomic envelope conforms to the two new arrangements of chromosomes. These two new arrangements of chromosomes make up two cores, which have gotten hereditary data from their parent cell. iframe width=560 height=315 src=https://www.youtube.com/insert/zrKdz93WlVk frameborder=0 allow=accelerometer; autoplay; scrambled media; gyrator; picture-in-picture allowfullscreen/iframe Mitosis Versus Meiosis: The Similarities and Differences Mitosis, meiosis. You presumably realize that both of these procedures have something to do with cells. In any case, what’s the distinction between the capacity of mitosis and the capacity of meiosis, and for what reason do you have to know the distinction? - To see how mitosis and meiosis are connected, the principal thing you have to know is that mitosis isn’t the main kind of cell division that can happen. Meiosis is additionally a type of cell division and multiplication! Yet, while mitosis brings about two indistinguishable little girl cells, meiosis brings about four sex cells. That’s right-meiosis is the procedure of cell division and proliferation that happens in creatures that repeat explicitly. Here are the key contrasts among mitosis and meiosis as procedures of cell division and proliferation: Mitosis Meiosis Where it happens Happens in all life forms, aside from infections Just happens in creatures, plants, and growths Cells it produces Makes body/physical cells Makes germ/sex cells Number of cell divisions One cell division ( 4 phases absolute) Two cell divisions (8 phases absolute) Prophase length Prophase is short Prophase I is longer Recombination/traverse No recombination/traverse in prophase Recombination/traverse of chromosomes during prophase I Metaphase During metaphase, singular chromosomes l

Fort Wayne

Fort Wayne Fort Wayne, city (1990 pop. 173,072), seat of Allen co., NE Ind., where the St. Joseph and St. Marys rivers join to form the Maumee River; inc. 1840. It is the second largest city in the state, a major railroad and shipping point, a wholesale and distribution hub, and a manufacturing center, with large high-technology electronics and automotive industries. The Miami had their chief town, Kekionga, at this strategic river confluence before the French founded (c.1680) a trading post there. In 1697 a French fort was built; it remained under French control until 1760, when it was surrendered to the British. The fort was held briefly by Native Americans during Pontiac's Rebellion . Later, they were subdued by Anthony Wayne , who built (1794) the fort named for him. The fur-trading center began to grow after the War of 1812. Industrialization was spurred by the development of the Wabash and Erie Canal and the coming of the railroad (both in the mid-1800s). The city is the seat of the Univ. of St. Francis, the Indiana Institute of Technology, Indiana Univ.â€"Purdue Univ. Fort Wayne, and a Roman Catholic seminary. The city has a philharmonic orchestra and numerous museums, including one devoted exclusively to Lincoln memorabilia. Also of interest are The Landing, the restored main street of the city's original frontier settlement; the sunken gardens at Lakeside Park; the botanical conservatory; and the burial place of Johnny Appleseed (John Chapman ). The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. Political Geography

Movie Analysis Vengeance - 1149 Words

Vengeance Logline: When a young girl goes missing, her friend and older brother try to find out whether his father is responsible†¦ but the true culprit may be supernatural in nature. Key characters: Aubrie Nobir – a popular, intellectual teenager who is Jillian’s babysitter/friend. Nick Stilhare- an awkward, shy teenager who is on the baseball team, but he rarely plays. Luster Stilhare- an egotistical, abusive, workaholic father to Jillian and Nick. Vengeance- a omniscient Spirit who saves abused children by forming an army retaliating against the abusers. Jillian Stilhare- a bright, imaginative young girl who is obsessed with unicorns and sleeping in her parents’ bedroom. One night she goes missing, but leaves†¦show more content†¦He honks the horn and the lights turn on and off. His hairstyle changes from an Afro to four triangles and he has five black scars run down his face, he limps towards Jillian and holds his knife up high in the air when -- --The next day MIKE, the investigating officer and RENDICIÓ, the police chief, investigate the scene. They find a card with the letter â€Å"V† and one red circle addressed to Luster. He is questioned then released when no further evidence is found. The police officers think Jillian is dead. Later, friends and neighbors gather at the Stilhare’s house. GUTTER, the town drunk, tries to talk to AUBRIE but she ignores him. NICK asks Aubrie to help him find out who took his sister, but she refuses to get involved because she thinks Luster committed the crime. Ov er the next few days, Nick gives Aubrie gifts including Jillian’s locket. After being pressured by her parents, Aubrie caves in and helps Nick. The next day Aubrie bumps into BAILEY, a bully, who picks on a black girl because of her large lips. Bailey pulls out a knife on the black girl and Aubrie runs away, refusing to help. At her house she spots a package of knives on her front steps – but there’s no return address. Aubrie’s friends want to hang out with her, but she blows them off to sneak into Nick’s house to try and find evidence on Luster. While she is in the garage Carolyn storms into the garage and slams the door shut not noticing Aubrie. Aubrie hides underneathShow MoreRelatedMovie Analysis : Vengeance 1582 Words   |  7 PagesVengeance LOGLINE: When a young girl goes missing, her friend and older brother try to find out whether his father is responsible†¦ but the true culprit may be supernatural in nature. KEY CHARACTERS: Aubrie Nobir: a popular, intellectual teenager and Jillian’s babysitter/friend. Nick Stilhare: an awkward, shy teenager who is on the baseball team, but rarely plays. Luster Stilhare: an egotistical, abusive, workaholic father to Jillian and Nick. Jillian Stilhare: a bright, imaginativeRead More An Analysis of the Movie, Double Impact Essays729 Words   |  3 PagesAn Analysis of the Movie, Double Impact The movie opens twenty-five years ago in Hong Kong. The parents of two twin babies, Alex and Chad, had borrowed money from Raymond Zhang and Nigel Griffith, two lead smugglers. They needed the money in order to build a tunnel between Hong Kong and the mainland. After the tunnel was built and the money collected, Nigel Griffith and Raymond Zhang had a gang of hit men massacre Alex and Chads family. Frank Avery, a friendRead MoreBen Hur : A Classical World Film That Represents The Ancient Roman Civilization1815 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction to Essay The movie, Ben-Hur is a classical world film that represents the ancient Roman civilization. The film was directed by William Wyler as an epic historical drama movie in 1959. The main cast features Charlton Heston who plays the role of Judah Ben-Hur, Stephen Boyd as Messala, Jack Hawkins as Quintus Arrius, Haya Harareet as Esther and Hugh Griffith as Sheik Ilderim (Wallace 5). The plot idea pegs back to the beginning of the 1st century where a merchant and a rich Jewish princeRead MoreEssay about Social-Psychological Principles of the Movie Unforgiven1333 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Movie Unforgiven Florida Institute of Technology Most movies have different social-psychological principles, however most people are watching movies to be entertained, and not to psychologically analyze them. There are many different principles that would be applicable to the film we are discussing however, I have chosen to analyze three scenes discussing altruism, self-fulfilling prophecy, and counterfactual thinking. Please review the following scenes and analysis from the movie Unforgiven: Read MoreEffective Leadership And The Leadership Essay1398 Words   |  6 Pagesanalyze the leadership theories and demonstrate different styles of leadership Nelson Mandela implemented in the movie â€Å"Invictus†. 2.0 Analysis: - 2.1. Scene 1: - Mandela Invites Pienaar: - Mandel invites Francois Pienaar, a white Afrikaner and South African (Springbok) Rugby team captain, at the government office and motivates him to win the 1995 Rugby World Cup. 2.1.1. Analysis Theory Integration: - Mandela invites Pienaar at the president office. The leadership of Pienaar was importantRead MoreEssay on Movie Review of Gladiator the Movie803 Words   |  4 Pageshis way up and earned the favour of the masses, Maximus then ends up duelling Commodus in a match of life and death. CHARACTER ANALYSIS: Maximus Decimus Meridius - The protagonist in the story, he was a general that led the Romans to victory against the Barbarians which made him earn the favor of Marcus Aurelius. Maximus is a brave man that seeks justice and vengeance for his murdered family. Commodus - The antagonist in the story, he is the son of Marcus Aurelius. Commodus is an arrogant manRead MoreHorror Of Jewish Revenge On The Nazis Essay2369 Words   |  10 Pageslengthy sequences of violence to transform Jewish vengeance into disturbingly inhumane behaviors. In order to exemplify the significance of Jewish revenge, I will first explain a brief history of Jewish revolts against the Nazis, most notably in the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising. Next, I will describe the fantasy of revenge in Holocaust cinema. Third, I will analyze the specific sequences of armed vengeance in Inglourious Basterds. Finally, this analysis will lead into my discussion of the director’s depictionsRead MoreOthello, by William Shakespeare Essay1090 Words   |  5 PagesIn Shakespeare’s Othello, Iago is portrayed as a cruel puppet master, using his high order critical analysis and manipulative skills to exact on those he believe wronged him; as he weaves a web of deceit to ensnare the play’s protagonist (and namesake of the play) Othello. Various movie adaptations have portrayed the characters in different ways, often resulting in a fusion of the context of the age, artistic license and Shakespeare’s character. One such fusion is Stuart Burgeâ₠¬â„¢s 1965 filmic portrayalRead MoreJustice In Reginald Roses 12 Angry Men1532 Words   |  7 Pagesperson has however is not the only factor that comes into play, when establishing whether the defendant is guilty or innocent. The play, ‘12 angry men’, written by Reginald Rose, is a drama involved around a jury and a homicide case. In comparison, the movie, ‘To kill a mockingbird’, directed by Robert Mulligan, follows the tale of Atticus Finch, a lawyer, who defends a black man against fabricated rape charges, and the evils of racism and stereotyping. Both texts have strongly opposing beliefs on theRead MoreThe Godfather and the Meaning of Family1055 Words   |  5 PagesConnie Corleone; the daughter of the Don Vito gets married to an abusive and gets beaten down while pregnant, which later becomes one of the reasons for his death. Aside from that we also see many deaths cause by the vengeance and business. Another example is the opening of the movie, whe n Bonasera states â€Å"I believe in America. America has made my fortune. And I raised my daughter in the American fashion. I gave her freedom, but -- I taught her never to dishonor her family† as he tells Don Vito, his

The Crucible Free Essays

string(65) " use one of the following details to support their responses: a\." The Crucible Act Four Questions Short Response Answer the following questions based on your knowledge of the drama. Write a response on a separate sheet of paper. 1. We will write a custom essay sample on The Crucible or any similar topic only for you Order Now Where does Tituba think that the Devil is going to take her? 2. Give one example of how Abigail shows her dishonesty in this act. 3. What effect do the trials have on Salem? Use three details from the drama to support your answer. 4. When first arrives at the Salem jail, Danforth complains, â€Å"There is a prodigious stench in this place. How might this line be read to mean something besides a comment on the smell? 5. How is Giles Corey’s character reflected in his death? Use one detail from the drama to support your response. 6. What qualities does Proctor find within himself that prevent him from at last saving himself and signing the confession? Use details from the text to support your response. 7. Explain how Proctor is right or wrong for refusing to sign the confession. Use details to support your response. 8. A tragic hero’s fate, according to Aristotle, inspires pity and horror. Name the tragic hero in The Crucible, and describe how his or her fate inspires both pity and horror. 9. People accused of being Communists had a difficult time getting jobs; some even moved out of the United States in order to try to resume normal lives. How is Proctor’s situation like that of the people accused of Communist activities? 10. Based on the conversation involving Tituba, Sarah Good, and Herrick at the beginning of Act IV of The Crucible, what obsession of the day is weighing heavily on these characters? 11. In Act IV of The Crucible, Cheever comments on the â€Å"many cows wanderin’ the highroads, now their masters are in jail and much disagreement who they will belong to now. † What does the report of wandering cows symbolize about the effects of the witch trails on the society of Salem? 12. In Act IV of The Crucible, Parris complains to Danforth about the disappearance of Abigail and her apparent theft of his savings, as well as about the signs of growing discontent in the community over the wave of executions. Why does Danforth respond to him with contempt? 13. In Act IV of The Crucible, what does Danforth’s determination to proceed immediately with the executions symbolize about the nature the legal system? Explain your answer. 14. In Act IV of The Crucible, there are reports that the people of Andover have refused to cooperate with the witchcraft court there. What can the reader infer about the citizens of Andover from these reports? 15. In Act IV of The Crucible, it is evident that Elizabeth Proctor has changed during her imprisonment. How has she changed? Explain your answer, citing details from the text to support your answer. 6. In The Crucible, the line between religious and governmental authority is easily blurred and sometimes nonexistent. How is the relationship between church and state different in the present-day United States from the way it was at the time of The Crucible? 17. In Act IV of The Crucible, John Proctor anguishes over having his signed confession made public. In what respect is Proctor’s determinatio n to preserve his good name, and his resulting tragic downfall, an echo of the McCarthy era of the 1950s? 18. One definition of the word crucible is â€Å"a severe test. Use the chart below to identify the key way in which each of the listed characters is tested by the events of The Crucible. Then, in the right-hand column, indicate whether that character passed or failed the â€Å"test. † 19. Thinking About the Essential Question: How does literature shape or reflect society? A classic theme of literature in general—and of The Crucible in particular—is the conflict that can arise between a person’s individual ideals and principles on the one hand and the expectations of society on the other. Discuss this theme as it applies to two major characters in The Crucible. Support your answer with details from the play. The Crucible Act Four Questions Answer Section 1. ANS: Tituba says that the Devil is going to take her to Barbados where he is the â€Å"pleasureman† and there is no Hell (lines 30–32). PTS:10 2. ANS: Responses will vary. Students may use one of he following details to show Abigail’s dishonesty in this act: a. She has disappeared with Mercy Lewis, perhaps on a ship (lines 142–160). b. She has stolen Parris’s money from his strongbox (lines 161–165). PTS:10 3. ANS: Responses will vary. Students may say that the trials have negatively affected Salem because the trials themselves have raised suspicion, families are being torn apart, work is not getting done, and people are turning on each other over property. Students may use three of the following details to support their responses: a. Cheever explains that cows wander around town because their owners are in jail (lines 108–112 and 298–299). b. Townspeople fight over who now owns the cows (lines 108–112). c. Parris fears that the people in Salem will riot because many people being hanged have not confessed to guilt. Their friends and neighbors know them as good people, so they think that innocent people are being hanged (lines 190–194 and 203–210). d. Children who are now orphans because their parents have been executed or put in jail wander the town looking for food and shelter (lines 297–298). e. Crops are not harvested because the farmers are in jail or dead (lines 299–300). f. People are afraid because they do not know if or when they will be accused next (lines 300–301). PTS:20 4. ANS: Students should say that the â€Å"stench† represents the rotten treatment the innocent people of Salem have experienced at the hands of a court that thinks itself just PTS:10 5. ANS: Responses will vary. Students should say that Giles’s intelligence and stubbornness as well as his faith are reflected in his death. Students may use one of the following details to support their responses: a. You read "The Crucible" in category "Essay examples" He showed stubbornness when he stood mute to the indictment (line 447). b. He showed intelligence and faith when he died â€Å"Christian under the law† (line 450). c. Because he did not answer the indictment, his sons inherited his property (lines 450– 453). By allowing his sons to inherit his land, Giles illustrated intelligence. d. When they pressed him with stones, he only said, â€Å"More weight† (lines 457–460). Giles’ lack of fear shows his stubbornness. PTS:10 6. ANS: [B-Test] Responses will vary. Students may say that in spite of Proctor believing he is no saint, the examples of Elizabeth and Rebecca Nurse force him to look at himself as less than a saint. However, when he must tarnish his own name and abandon his friends, he finds the strength and goodness to refuse their demands. He finally sees himself as having some good. Students may use the following details to support their responses: a. He finds honesty when he says he cannot die like a saint (lines 479–485). b. He says it is a fraud for him to go like a saint like the others (lines 543–549). c. He says that if his action is evil, it is appropriate for him to confess his guilt (lines 555–559). d. He finally signs his name because he feels he is not good enough to die with the others but refuses to condemn his friends (lines 674–719). e. Proctor is too honest to accuse anyone else of witchcraft (lines 653–655). f. He finds strength when he says he has given Danforth his soul but will not give the court his name (lines 725–730). g. He tears up his confession, finally sees goodness in himself, and is ready to face death (lines 745–761). PTS:20 7. ANS: [C-Test] Responses will vary. Some students may say that Proctor is right to refuse to sign the confession because it is a lie and it may condemn others. Students who support Proctor’s decision may use the following details to support their responses: a. He knows that confessing to witchcraft is confessing to a lie (lines 488–489) and he does not want to give in to the evil men who force him to choose. b. Danforth tries to force Proctor to name other people as having pacts with the Devil, but Proctor knows that he cannot condemn his friends or other innocent people (lines 637– 638). . He refuses to let Danforth and the others use him as an example in the village (lines 699–701). Other students may say that Proctor is wrong to refuse to sign the confession because he gives up his life and possibly ruins the lives of his family members in return. Students who do not support Proctor’s decision may use the following details to support the ir responses: a. His wife Elizabeth is pregnant and needs his help with another child (lines 272–273), especially as she may still be executed after she delivers the child that she is carrying. b. He is leaving behind children who cannot take care of themselves, especially because his wife is in jail (lines 419–421). c. He only seems worried about his pride. He lets pride stop him from going all the way and signing the confession, explaining that he cannot face his children if he turns his friends in, though it would be better if he was alive for his children (lines 688–689, 699–701, and 703–704). PTS:20 8. ANS: Answers will vary. Following is one possible answer: Mr. Proctor is a tragic hero. After Mr. Proctor’s indiscretion with Abigail, he refuses to yield to temptation again. He turns his attention to his wife and is faithful to her. When he is doomed, no matter what decision he makes, one can only pity him. Proctor is led by honorable principles and motives. When this innocent man dies protecting his and his family’s honor, the audience is horrified. PTS:21KEY:analyze | character | The Crucible, Act 4 9. ANS: Answers will vary. Following is one possible answer: During the height of the McCarthy era, many professionals, including numerous writers and entertainers, were refused work. Careers were shattered and talented people went without a livelihood. Like those innocents, Mr. Proctor seals his fate should he sign a false testimony. To discuss his confession is one thing; to see his name signed to lies is another. Would he be able to make a living? Would he have the trust of his community? His name, like the names of many of McCarthy’s victims, would evoke distrust and disgrace if he signed a false confession. PTS:20KEY:analyze | character | The Crucible, Act 4 10. ANS: All three of the characters speak of the Devil and/or Hell. PTS:1 11. ANS: The wandering cows symbolize the chaos and disintegration of the social order of Salem that has resulted from the witch trials. PTS:1 12. ANS: Danforth regards Parris as a selfish man, someone who is interested mainly in his own well-being and his own reputation. He sees that Parris is now wavering about the executions not because of any principle, but because there is evidence that there is dissatisfaction with the witch hunt in the town that could cost Parris his reputation and job. PTS:1 13. ANS: Danforth’s determination to proceed immediately with the executions symbolizes the imperfection of the machinery of the law. It shows that the legal system can sometimes enforce or perpetuate injustice. PTS:1 14. ANS: The reader can infer that the citizens of Andover are resisting the kind of hysteria that has befallen Salem. PTS:1 15. ANS: She has become less harsh in her judgment of others. Her final comment of the play exemplifies this change. PTS:1 16. ANS: Now the separation between church and state is much clearer and better defined than it was at the time of The Crucible. In fact, it is a basic part of the U. S. Constitution and legal system. PTS:1 17. ANS: During the McCarthy investigations of the 1950s, reputations and lives were ruined by people who â€Å"named names† or confessed to irresponsible allegations just to save themselves. PTS:1 18. ANS: Sample answers: Reverend Parris–whether he is true to the Christian ideals of his calling as a minister–fails, (because he promotes a hysteria of lying and death, and proves more concerned about his own welfare than the welfare of others). Reverend Hale–whether he is true to the Christian ideals of his calling as a minister–passes (because he struggles with his conscience and comes down on the side of truth and justice to resist the hysteria of the witch trials). Judge Danforth–whether he is an impartial and fair judge and enforcer of the law–passes and fails (shows a minimal amount of respect for proper legal procedure, but proves more interested in swift justice than finding out the truth and attaining true justice). Elizabeth Proctor–whether she will value the truth over her personal well-being—passes (because she refuses to admit to being a witch to save herself and with good intentions lies at the end to try to help her husband). John Proctor–whether he will risk his life to uphold true Christian ideals–passes (he refuses to admit to the false accusations against him; even though he wavers at the end, he triumphs by refusing to sign a public declaration, even though this act of conscience costs him his life). PTS:1 19. ANS: Students might note that John refuses to implicate others despite the intense pressures from the court to do so. Students may also say that he is ashamed of his actions earlier in the play and is trying make up for her earlier lack of moral courage. They might also note that Elizabeth resists pressure from Hale to try to persuade John to save his life by falsely confessing to the charges, for she realizes that standing for honor and conscience are too important to trade in at any price, even one’s life. Students might also note that the Reverend Hale is torn between his loyalty to the court and official religious doctrine and his understanding that many of the witchcraft accusations are unjust and based on lies—a conflict between loyalty to church/community and individual conscience. PTS:1 How to cite The Crucible, Essay examples The Crucible Free Essays â€Å"Try not to become a man of success but rather try to become a man of value. †-Albert Einstein Einstein’s thougts are also found in the play by Arthur Miller, The Crucible. In The Crucible, many characters are asked to compromise their integrity in exchange for their lives. We will write a custom essay sample on The Crucible or any similar topic only for you Order Now John Proctor was one such character, but he refused to give up his integrity. He wanted to die with a good name in the eyes of the other villiagers. Another of he main characters, Abigail Williams, displays a complete lack of integrity. She lies and cheats so that she can get exactly what she wants with no regard for the safety of the other characters. During the play, John Proctor, a farmer, is faced with a decision that would ultimately lead to his death. John Proctor displays his integrity in several tough situations throughout the play. Proctor is arrested on charges of witchcraft along with his wife, Elizabeth. The people that are arrested for witchcraft live if they confess, but hang if they deny the charges, even if the charges are not truthful. This plays an important part in the testing of John’s integrity later in the play. In the beginning, we find out that Proctor had an affair with the niece of the town reverend, Abigail Williams. This displays a lack of integrity for John, but nobody knows about it until later. John shows his integrity when he confesses to this affair later in the play. At the beginnig of the play, the Proctor’s want no part in the witch trials. They get dragged into the proceedings when Abigail accuses Elizabeth of hurting her with a voodoo doll. John has integegrity when he tries to save his wife from being hanged. He gets depositions from others in the town that show how good his wife was. He has Mary Warren, who was working in the Proctor house, confess that she was the one who made the doll and stuck the needle in it. This does not work though, and Mary turns on Proctor and gets him arrested. When Proctor is in jail, he shows his integrity once again. He knows that he has the opportunity to confess to witchcraft, and this will get him out of jail. He decides to do this after he talks with his wife, even though he knows his cofession would be a lie. He actually signs the confession, but he tears it up. The judge told him that they would hang his signed confession on the door of the church for all the people to see. Proctor couldn’t stand to see that all the people would think of him as such a bad person, so he tore up the confession. He says, â€Å"I have given you my soul, leave me my name! † Proctor also sees a lack of integrity in Reverend Parris, who he believes cares more about money than his duty to God. How to cite The Crucible, Papers The Crucible Free Essays â€Å"We the jury in the above entitled action, find the defendant, Orenthal James Simpson, not guilty of the crime of murder. † This famous quote was made during the famous court case of O. J. We will write a custom essay sample on The Crucible or any similar topic only for you Order Now Simpson vs. the State of California over the murder of two individuals. What made this case so famous was all the evidence the jury had that proved Simpson guilty, but was found not guilty in the end. The court, whether it be a single person or a jury, make mistakes daily. But sometimes they are not mistakes; they are acts of revenge or sympathy against that person being accused or, one of not knowing what else to do. This court room speculation is seen in Arthur Millers novel The Crucible and the film, Good Night and Good Luck. These two resources connect by a very similar plot line even thought one is factual and the other is based off of facts. The similarities and differences between main characters, John Proctor and Edward Murrow are seen by their human traits, actions they took and the results of those actions due to pressure by court cases. Edward Murrow and John Proctor are very similar by certain traits they carried while under court speculation and drama. Both men wanted to stand up for what they believed was right. They were honest men until the court and certain people wanted to take that away from them. John Proctor told the truth because unlike the court, he knew what he did and did not do. Proctor knew he was guilty of adultery but neither he nor his wife was involved in witchcraft which he was being accused of. Murrow did the exact same thing in his reporting of the McCarthy trials, he wanted people to get the truth. He would go to extraordinary lengths in reporting and drama with his company, CBS to tell the truth. One major difference in the traits of these two men was the amount of support they had. Edward Murrow was a household name that had viewers and coworkers behind him and supporting him even if their company disagreed. If Senator McCarthy verbally accused Murrow of certain Soviet actions, reporters would be right there to get evidence to clear his name. John Proctor had less of an advantage in this aspect. It was him against a town with only one woman behind him that was in jail herself. Elizabeth Proctor pushed for her husband even knowing of his affair and her being accused of witchcraft. These two men had similar traits but one key trait of support, which Proctor lacked, seemed to be a very important one in the end. Edward Murrow was reporting on falsely accused individuals while John Proctor was living it. The actions of these two men under the spotlight of accusations showed some similarities and difference between them. Both men tried to clear their name of the false accusations set before them. Murrow looked into the eyes of the camera and told America he was not involved in Soviet relations. Even the report made by Senator McCarthy of Murrow being involved in a Soviet group twenty years ago, was shot down. John Proctor tried to clear his name as well but found it difficult with the court telling him what and what not to do. These two men had differences in their actions by how they went about them. Murrow thoroughly investigated before claiming or saying anything to America. John however, not having as much support, made excuses and started accusing others of witchcraft. Proctor fell under the spell of the court and said what would make them happy just so they would stop. He soon began not following his initial idea of telling the truth which Murrow kept through out the accusations and pressures from McCarthy and his boss, the CEO of Columbia Broadcast Systems. Each of these actions made by the men caused the plot line to end with different affects felt. In the two story lines, both men were falsely accused but resulted in different endings. John Proctor was accused of witchcraft, which he tried but failed standing up for. Edward Murrow was accused of being a communist but stood up for himself creating a different ending. Proctor, unlike Murrow, did not have the power and evidence to clear his name of witchery and also had the accusation of adultery. The affects of his lack of support end with him being hanged of something he tried to prove to the court he did not do. Murrow on the other hand, had support and evidence which caused his story ending to be much different than Proctors. Due to his amount of determination and with the modern day advances he had, Murrow became a legend for his reporting especially during the McCarthy trials. He went to a new level of reporting by standing up for himself and what he knew he was not, a communist. If Proctor had the modern day media or even more support, one can only wonder how his outcome would have been affected. John Proctor and Edward Murrow, two stand out characters of two different eras, share similarities and differences in their traits, actions taken and results of those actions. These men were standing up for themselves against strongly set accusers who treated them as if they committed horrific crimes. Whether John did commit witchcraft of Edward was a communist is overshadowed by the way people accused and investigated the men or did not investigate in John’s case. The creditability of the court system is strongly questioned after reading The Crucible and watching Good Night and Good Luck and makes one wonder how trustworthy and fair are the American courts really are. How to cite The Crucible, Essay examples

The Effect of Polygamy on the Modern Society

Introduction Polygamy remains one of the hotly contested and misunderstood topics in the modern society. The most common practice of polygamy is polygyny, whereby one man marries more than one spouse. Polygyny is common in many societies across the world. However, it is outlawed in the Western World. Cultural and religious factors anchor this practice.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Effect of Polygamy on the Modern Society specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Different studies carried out for decades reveal that the practice has far-reaching negative consequences, and hence should be outlawed. On the other hand, the proponents of polygamy argue that there are many benefits associated with the practice. However, the moral question of polygamy has not been addressed adequately. This essay provides an in-depth discussion of polygamy with a view of establishing factors that contribute to the practice, its consequenc es, and morality issues. Polygamy is not morally correct due to societal effects Many studies about polygamy are structured on whether the practice should be recognized, banned, or punished through the law. Little has been written about the moral question on polygamous marriage. However, from a moral ground, polygamy is morally unacceptable due to its effects on societies. The first social effect of this practice is emanated from the perceived competition by co-wives. They give birth to as many children as they can, as a way of getting a larger share of the common resources that get shared by the family when it comes to inheritance (Tabi, Doster Cheney, 2010). Giving birth becomes a contest among these wives. Competition in the end produces effects that are injurious to the society. For instance, competition among wives for common resources is likely to culminate conflicts that largely affect society’s stability. Polygamous marriages are a burden to men and their wives. A ma n is deprived in mind and body due to the heavy responsibility of sustaining a big family. In addition, men dedicate most of their income on marrying new wives. Consequently, women are deprived psychologically as a result of being reduced to physical pleasure instruments. These results in child negligence in that, children are less supported and well maintained by their parents. Parents invest less time and money in the upkeep, education, as well as in provision of critical care for their children (Elbedour, Onwuegbuzie, Caridine Abu-Saad, 2002). In the end, the society bears the consequences of the problems associated with lack of education and proper parenting of children. One common consequence is substance abuse among children due to lack of parental guidance. The early substance abuse affects societies in terms of increased crime rate (Elbedour, Onwuegbuzie, Caridine, Abu-Saad, 2002).Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More One of the impacts of polygamy that have not gotten the attention of many researchers is the scarcity of women. Polygyny denies young and low-status men women because the older wealthier men hoard many women as possible. This results to increased competition, denying young men opportunities to marry wives of their choice. For men to get these women, they have to gain resources considering the perception that wealth attracts women. Competition for women and resources increases criminal cases within societies (McLaren Coward, 1999). In the end, a society suffers from increased robbery, rape, murder, kidnapping, and assaults among others. Marriage provides a foundation upon which a society is built (Waller, 2011; McLaren Coward, 1999). Social relations, obligations, and duties are derived from marriage and society setups. These hold a society together as one unit. However, polygamy cultivates patriarchal principles that drag the whole soc iety into despotism. In addition, patriarchal principles destroy the societal fabric since it is more injurious to female and children (McLaren Coward, 1999). Polygyny disintegrates the social relations, duties, and obligation marriage in the society (Waller, 2011; McLaren Coward, 1999). This makes the society suffer from conflicts that arise due to erosion of societal relations within marriages. Polygamy in various parts of the world Polygamy is a common phenomenon across the world. It is allowed on the cultural and religious basis. Most of the African societies accept polygyny practices from a cultural point of view. On the other hand, the practice is common in Asia due to religious beliefs. However, to some degree, polygyny is practiced in North America and Europe, it is considered illegal (Duncan, 2008). Most of the African societies stretching practice polygamy. Marriages in these societies are characterized by one man getting married to more than one spouse (Moosa, Benjamin Jeenah, 2008). Traditional cultures and customs are behind the widespread practice of polygamy in the African societies. In addition, apart from polygamy being practiced as a result of customs and culture, the Jewish and Islamic beliefs also support polygamy in North Africa. This practice is perceived in African societies as a social practice that ensures family continuity from one generation to another (Moosa, Benjamin, Jeenah, 2008).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Effect of Polygamy on the Modern Society specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Women responsibility is reduced to child bearing and childless women are treated with contempt. Cultural practices such as wife inheritance largely contributed to polygyny in African society. Men have to remarry widows or women left without support after death of husbands or guardians. It also perceived as one way taking care of the orphans left behind after death of men . Polygamy is also very common in the Middle East, Asia, and Oceania. This is typically attributed to the Islamic religion, which is the most dominant religion in the Middle East. The Islamic culture permits man to get married to a maximum of four wives provided he is financially stable to support each wife and her children (Al-Krenawi, A., Slonim-Nevo, 2008). In addition, the societies of Middle East are value stability and family continuity. On top of this, the Arab society is patriarchal with segregated gender roles where a woman’s contribution is undervalued. Polygamy is illegal in the Western World. However, the practice is common to many societies in this region (Moosa, Benjamin Jeenah, 2008). For instance, there is a general consensus that polygyny is practiced in the United States despite being outlawed. Polygamy in North America is believed to emanate from Mormon fundamentalists. They believe they have to be true custodians of Joseph Smith’s belief that one man needs more than one woman to be exalted after death. In the year 2008, it was estimated that the states of Utah and Arizona have 37,000 polygamists despite the existence of anti-polygamy legislations and federal statutes (Duncan, 2008). Factors that contribute to societies adopting polygamy The fear of divorce, infertility, legal, and how women perceive polygamy, contribute to polygamy in many societies. According to Tabi, Doster, and Cheney (2010), the African women perception of polygyny contributes to them accepting the practice. Most of the African women perceive polygyny as beneficial because it guarantees shared responsibilities in performance of household chores, farm work, and rearing of children. Cultural beliefs have a huge impact on peoples’ attitude and perception. In this regard, attitudes created by cultures play a critical role in encouraging polygamy. For instance, in a study conducted by Awusabo-Asare and Anarfi (1997), most of the Ghanaian women accept c o-wives on post-partum abstinence basis. Women perceive polygyny positively. To them, it ensures their husbands continue with sexual activities, when one of the wives is still in the post-partum period.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Fertility also plays a critical role in promoting polygamy in some societies. For instance, in the sub-Saharan Africa, the failure of a woman to bear children can lead to divorce. Children are so important in the African context and women have to bear children to reaffirm their position in marriage, get accepted by husbands, and share wealth. According to them, children create a bond between wives and their husbands. Infertile women are thus forced to accept co-wives for fear of divorce (Tabi, Doster Cheney, 2010). This contributes to polygamous societies in many parts of the world. Attitudes towards unmarried women also play a critical role in encouraging polygamy. Single women eligible for marriage and divorced or separated women have low social status in polygamous communities. It is also considered as a shame on families and tribes, if one remains unmarried for unexplained reasons. The indignity that is associated with being unmarried women pushes them into a polygamous culture to escape shame and social pressure. Polygamy still occurs today in some nations due to the legal frameworks that recognize the practice. Some countries in Africa have promulgated laws that recognize cultural practices. For instance, in 2000, South Africa promulgated Customary Marriage Act that legalized polygamy in the country (Moosa, Benjamin Jeenah, 2008). Polygamy is now legally recognized through the Act, giving women equal rights in marriage. It is also vital to notice that though the Western Nations legally outlawed polygamy practices, they still tolerate it. According to Duncan (2008), in the United States, the federal and state legislation outlaws polygamy. However, minimal cases of polygamy have so far been pursued successfully. The law is ineffective and unable to clamp down the practice in the American society. There are several positive effects of legalizing polygamy Proponents of polygamy point out that the practice plays important roles in the society, and hence the need to be legalized. In addition, polygamy proponents argue that legal recognition of polygamy will allow fix the negative attributes attached to it. They also argue that the legalization of polygamy will help prosecute cases related to it effectively (Duncan, 2008). On the other hand, opponents of polygamy argue that the practice is out of place in the modern society due to its negative consequences on individuals, families, and society. Proponents of polygamy argue that governments should recognize polygamy as legal because polygamous relationships are beneficial. Firstly, polygamy is thought to reduce prostitution on the street. It is argued out that polygamy offers marriage to women who would have otherwise considered the street prostitution as their source of income. Women are less empowered economically than men. In a society where poverty is prevalent, women prefer getting married in order to share resources with their husbands. Considering that females are more than males in many societies, some women miss opportunities of getting married, and end up in prostitution. On top of this, having more than one wife reduces a man’s sexual exploration outside marriage thereby limiting the level of adultery in the society. According to Duncan (2008), polygamy reduces the number of fatherless and motherless children. Having more than one wife or husband is ideal in that, if one spouse passes away, children are left under the custody of the remaining spouses. In addition, polygamy unites more than three families within the society. It enhances cooperation between individual families hence improving social integration. In the end the bonds created through polygamy, promote social harmony. Furthermore, proponents of polygamy point out that the practice helps reduce levels of poverty within a society. There is always the possibility of increased income in polygamous families since each individual contributes to the household budget. In doing these, the level of poverty is reduced within families. The psychological and physical effects of polygamy The negative impacts of polygamy to individuals and to society are profound. Children and women are the most affected in polygamous communities. Opponents argue that physical and psychological effects explain why this practice is morally wrong (Moosa, Benjamin Jeenah, 2008). The Studies carried out so far point out that polygamy lead to rivalry amongst co-wives. This rivalry stems from competition, jealousy, and unequal distribution of resources (Moosa, Benjamin Jeenah, 2008). This creates an acrimonious relationship between children and wives. It causes psychological problems for children and women. Women suffer from psychiatric conditions such as low self-esteem, loneliness, anxiety, and somatization. Children also suffer due to lack of parental attention. They feel displaced from their parents, which result in emotional insecurity. They also exhibit emotional stress and anxiety more than children in monogamous families (Moosa, Benjamin Jeenah, 2008). How polygamy leads to gender discrimination Most of the contemporary communities practicing polygamy discriminate against the female gender. According to Strauss (2012), a polygamous society imposes strict rules on women. Women are forced by religious, cultural, and familial pressures to forego vocational and educational opportunities. This forces them to enter into marriages as the only option of achieving financial stability. Religious and cultural beliefs require them to be obedient to their husbands no matter the circumstance, in order to avoid divorce. On the other hand, there is great neglect and abuse of children rights. Many societies strive to make boys excel and marry off young girls. This maintains gender imbalances within the society (Strauss, 2012). In addition to the above moral question of polygamy, Strauss (2012) explains that there is a rampant gender bias and discrimination in polygamous societies. Su ch societies recognize and accept that the male gender can marry more than one wife. They deny women from having multiple partners. More so, they do not allow same sex marriages. This elicits the moral question as to why it is morally correct to allow men to have multiple partners and deny women the same right. Strauss further observes that the contemporary polygamous communities promote a sexist culture (2012). Moreover, it promotes hierarchical power relations that limit innovation and individual independence, which significantly cause poverty. Strauss’ opinions about a society allowing marriage of girls instead pursuing different opportunities hold strong grounds. It is morally wrong to force underage girls into early marriages. Marriage should be informed on adequate consent of all parties involved. Underage girls in polygamous communities are denied the rights to choose what is right for them from a very tender age (Wall, 2003). In addition, it is not acceptable for West ern societies not to acknowledge that polygamy exist in their societies when it does happen. Many individuals in the Western World are ignorant of the existence of polygamy in their society. A secret polygamy case that makes another spouse unaware of its existence is an unethical manifestation of this practice in the modern society. The positive effects vs. the negative effects of legalizing polygamy The underlying positives of polygamy are unconvincing in the modern society. Proponents’ arguments are defective and have limited defenses. The positives are by far outweighed by the negative effects on men, women, children, and the society at large. Polygamy promotes inequalities in the society where the central individual in marriage assumes greater rights and expectations. Husbands having a greater control over the family deny others autonomy, and hence encourages inequalities in the society. It renders one gender as a peripheral spouse, as opposed to the ethical correctness o f the marriage that encourages equity and shared rights. It is critical to acknowledge that the positive effects of polygamy such as a reduction of prostitution and parentless children can also be achieved in monogamous societies. It is always right to be a brother’s keeper in everyday life. The society is socially bound to take care of its members regardless of the family structure. Parentless children are part of the society and cannot be denounced with the absence of polygamy. However, the consequences of polygamy are permanent and devastating. The injuries to the society such as increased crime, sexist culture, and substance abuse as a result of polygamy are destructive. They can deprive off the social structures that take long to build. In addition, the psychological and physical effects leave permanent marks in an individual’s life as compared to the benefits that are derived from the practice. Conclusion Polygamy is a practice that is still inherent in the moder n society. It is alive in many societies in Africa, Asia, Oceania, and to some extent in Western nations. Cultural beliefs and customs, religion, and legal factors contribute to rampant cases of polygamy. The justification of polygamy is contested, and the whole concept is misunderstood. Whereas it is acceptable in the majority of societies in Africa and Middle East, it remains a controversial topic in the Western nations. The literature that has covered polygamy calls for its recognition in law or its total ban. The moral question of polygamy remains controversial and little attention is given to it. Though the practice has few positive, its consequences are injurious to children and women in the society at large. Children and women suffer from psychiatric conditions as well as gender discrimination. On the other hand, the society also suffers from increased crime and unwanted behaviors. From this, it can be concluded that polygamy is structurally in-egalitarian that leads to more negative consequences than the positive ones. References Al-Krenawi, A., Slonim-Nevo, V. (2008). Psychosocial and familial functioning of children from polygamous and monogamous families. The Journal of social psychology, 148(6), 745-764. Awusabo-Asare, K. Anarfi, J.K. (1997). Postpartum sexual abstinence in the era of AIDS in Ghana: prospects for change. Health Transition Review, 7, 257–270. Duncan, E. J. (2008). Positive Effects of Legalizing Polygamy: Love Is a Many Splendored Thing, The. Duke Journal of Gender Law Policy, 15(315), 315-337. Elbedour, S., Onwuegbuzie, A. J., Caridine, C., Abu-Saad, H. (2002). The effect of polygamous marital structure on behavioral, emotional, and academic adjustment in children: A comprehensive review of the literature. Clinical child and family psychology review, 5(4), 255-271. McLaren, J., Coward, H. G. (1999). Religious conscience, the state, and the law: Historical contexts and contemporary significance. Albany: State University o f New York Press. Moosa, M. Y. H., Benjamin, R., Jeenah, F. Y. (2008). A review of multi-spousal relationships-psychosocial effects and therapy. South African Journal of Psychiatry, 12(2), 12-14. Strauss, G. (2012). Is Polygamy Inherently Unequal? Ethics, 122(3), 516-544. Tabi, M., M., Doster, C. Cheney, T. (2010). A qualitative study of women in polygynous marriages. International Nursing Review, 57, 121–127. Wall, T. F. (2003). Thinking critically about moral problems. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth. Waller, B. N. (2011). Consider ethics: Theory, readings, and contemporary issues. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. This essay on The Effect of Polygamy on the Modern Society was written and submitted by user Rosemary Wolfe to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Slaughterhouse Five essays

Slaughterhouse Five essays Slaughterhouse Five Throughout history, society, in general, has been molded by the ravages of war. From King Henry VII's invasion of Brittany, to the bloodshed on the shores of Iwo Jima, all the way to the present-day territory dispute in Bosnia and Herzegovina, war abounds mankind and its short history. As nations, ethnicities, ect. constantly attempt to outdo one another war will continue to arise. In recent years much has been said about the poor effects war has on society in a general sense; but what does war do to an individual? This is a question often avoided as a result of the bitter truth: War can all but destroy the sane mind of the common man. This is a fact that was abundantly presented in Kurt Vonnegut's absurdist classic Slaughterhouse Five. The story is initially set during World War II, but moves from place to place, and from time period to time period throughout the novel. The story centers around the infamous fire-bombing of Dresden and the mythic journey of an Ame rican soldier/ prisoner-of-war named Billy Pilgrim. Pilgrim suffers from post traumatic stress syndrome and imagines his abduction by aliens, and a great journey through space and time, to a fictional planet named Tralfamadore. A great deal of strange thoughts occurred inside Bill Pilgrim's mind, but Billy had no control over these thoughts. War has an uncanny ability to inflict mental stress on man. The story of Billy Pilgrim is a near-perfect example of the horrendous way in which war can affect the mind of the common man. As a prisoner of war, Billy Pilgrim is subjected to daily torture ranging from beatings and malnourishment. Pilgrim also witnessed the beatings of many other soldiers, some of whom he was familiar with. Billy Pilgrim's mind was not only a victim of torture, but also the Dresden fire-bombings one of the most deadly acts of war ever. Despite the fact that Billy was confined to a subterranean prisoner-of-war camp during the bombings, he...

History of Abortion Controversy in the U.S.

History of Abortion Controversy in the U.S. In the United States, abortion laws began to appear in the 1820s, forbidding abortion after the fourth month of pregnancy.  Before that time, abortion was not illegal, though it was often unsafe for the woman whose pregnancy was being terminated. Through the efforts primarily of physicians, the American Medical Association, and legislators, as part of consolidating authority over medical procedures, and displacing midwives, most abortions in the US had been outlawed by 1900. Illegal abortions were still frequent after such laws were instituted, though abortions  became less frequent during the reign of the Comstock Law which essentially banned birth control information and devices as well as abortion. Some early feminists, like Susan B. Anthony, wrote against abortion. They opposed abortion which at the time was an unsafe medical procedure for women, endangering their health and life. These feminists believed that only the achievement of womens equality and freedom would end the need for abortion. (Elizabeth Cady Stanton wrote in The Revolution, But where shall it be found, at least begin, if not in the complete enfranchisement and elevation of woman? ) They wrote that prevention was more important than punishment, and blamed circumstances, laws and the men they believed drove women to abortions. (Matilda Joslyn Gage wrote in 1868, I hesitate not to assert that most of this crime of child murder, abortion, infanticide, lies at the door of the male sex...) Later feminists defended safe and effective birth control - when that became available - as another way to prevent abortion. Most of todays abortion rights organizations also state that safe and effective birth control, adequate sex education, available health care, and the ability to support children adequately are essentials to preventing the need for many abortions. By 1965, all fifty states banned abortion, with some exceptions which varied by state: to save the life of the mother, in cases of rape or incest, or if the fetus was deformed. Liberalization Efforts Groups like the National Abortion Rights Action League and the Clergy Consultation Service on Abortion worked to liberalize anti-abortion laws. After the thalidomide drug tragedy, revealed in 1962, where a drug prescribed to many pregnant women for morning sickness and as a sleeping pill caused serious birth defects, activism to make abortion easier escalated. Roe V. Wade The Supreme Court in 1973, in the case of Roe v. Wade, declared most existing state abortion laws unconstitutional. This decision ruled out any legislative interference in the first trimester of pregnancy and put limits on what restrictions could be passed on abortions in later stages of pregnancy. While many celebrated the decision, others, especially in the Roman Catholic Church and in theologically conservative Christian groups, opposed the change. Pro-life and pro-choice evolved as the most common self-chosen names of the two movements, one to outlaw most abortion and the other to eliminate most legislative restrictions on abortions. Early opposition to the lifting of abortion restrictions included such organizations as the Eagle Forum, led by Phyllis Schlafly. Today there are many national pro-life organizations which vary in their goals and strategies. Escalation of Anti-Abortion Conflict and Violence Opposition to abortions has increasingly turned physical and even violent, first in the organized blocking of access to clinics which provided abortion services, organized primarily by Operation Rescue, founded in 1984 and led by Randall Terry. On Christmas Day, 1984, three abortion clinics were bombed, and those convicted called the bombings a birthday gift for Jesus. Within the churches and other groups opposing abortion, the issue of clinic protests has become increasingly controversial, as many who oppose abortions move to separate themselves from those who propose violence as an acceptable solution. In the early part of the 2000-2010 decade, major conflict over abortion laws was over termination of late pregnancies, termed partial birth abortions by those who oppose them. Pro-choice advocates maintain that such abortions are to save the life or health of the mother or terminate pregnancies where the fetus cannot survive birth or cannot survive much after birth. Pro-life advocates maintain that the fetuses may be saved and that many of these abortions are done in cases that arent hopeless.  The Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act passed Congress in 2003 and was signed by President George W. Bush. The law was upheld in 2007 by the Supreme Court decision in  Gonzales v. Carhart. In 2004, President Bush signed the Unborn Victims of Violence Act, permitting a second charge of murder - covering the fetus - if a pregnant woman is killed.  The law specifically exempts mothers and doctors from being charged in any cases related to abortions. Dr. George R. Tiller, the medical director at a clinic in Kansas which was one of only three clinics in the country to perform late-term abortions, was assassinated in May 2009 at his church. The killer was sentenced in 2010 to the maximum sentence available in Kansas: life imprisonment, with no parole possible for 50 years. The murder raised questions about the role of repeatedly using strong language to denounce Tiller on talk shows.  The most prominent example cited was repeated description of Tiller as a Baby Killer by Fox News talk show host Bill OReilly, who later denied having used the term, despite video evidence, and described the criticism as having the real agenda of hating Fox News.  The clinic where Tiller worked closed permanently after his murder. More recently, abortion conflicts have been played out more often at the state level, with attempts to change the assumed and legal date of viability, to remove exemptions (such as rape or incest) from abortion bans, to require ultrasounds before any termination (including invasive vaginal procedures), or to increase the requirements for doctors and buildings performing abortions.  Such restrictions played a role in elections. At this writing, no child born before 21 weeks of pregnancy has survived more than a short period of time. Books About the Abortion Controversy There are some excellent legal, religious, and feminist books on abortion which explore the issues and the history  from  either the  pro-choice  or  pro-life  position. Listed here are books which outline the history by presenting both factual material (the text of actual court decisions, for instance) and position papers from a variety of perspectives, including both  pro-choice  and  pro-life. Articles of Faith: A Frontline History of the Abortion Wars: Cynthia Gorney. Trade Paperback, 2000.A history of the two sides and how their proponents developed deepening commitments during the years abortions were illegal and then after the  Roe v. Wade  decision.Abortion: The Clash of Absolutes: Laurence H. Tribe. Trade Paperback, 1992.Professor of Constitutional Law at Harvard, Tribe attempts to outline the difficult issues and why  legal  resolution is so difficult.Abortion Controversy: 25 Years After Roe vs. Wade, A Reader: Louis J. Pojman and Francis J. Beckwith. Trade Paperback, 1998.Abortion Dialogue: Pro-Choice, Pro-Life, American Law: Ruth Colker. Trade Paperback, 1992.

Manifest Destiny Concept Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Manifest Destiny Concept - Essay Example The Manifest Destiny concept tremendously influenced the United States policy. This enhanced the American expansion to the West. The idea was largely put forward by posters, newspapers and other avenues. Despite the fact that it was not a formal policy of the government, it facilitated the passing of legislation like the Homestead Act, which promoted colonization and acquisition of areas in the West (Robinson 2010, 21). Additionally, the idea was a factor in the thought of America. Movement into the West regions provided a prospect for self-development. To be familiar with the concept of Manifest Destiny, it is essential to comprehend the desire and need of the United States to expand. This paper will look at how issues around it affected the U.S, how the views of Americans on the issue changed over the period, and will also mention some events as examples. How the Issues Affected the U.S John O'Sullivan, a U.S newspaper editor writing on the planned occupation of Texas, was the firs t to use the term in 1845. He asserted that it was America’s â€Å"manifest destiny to spread to the whole continent.† The newspaper issue recommended that through expanding, America could turn out to be a renowned superpower. According to O'Sullivan, the United States had been exclusively selected for the mission of Westward expansion. This would push out the wilderness and bring civilization. Between independence and 1920, the government passed land laws that were favorable for people to migrate. The federal government also persuaded people from Europe to come and inhabit. It used the military to protect the settlers from natives. It further put money into explorations, such as that of Clark and Lewis. Wherever there was sufficient water, homesteading was practiced by people from the Midwest to the Pacific regions. Cheap and available land, high birth rates and immense population formed the basis of the expansion. Imperialism was used to facilitate the Manifest Desti ny. There was a perception that mission and God was the path to Manifest Destiny.  Ã‚  

Marriage and family Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Marriage and family - Essay Example Indeed, the pain of a bereaved would not heal overnight. It takes a lot of time and courage; some may take months while others wait for years to cope up with their loss. But what is important is to try to look at life on a different perspective, and that means moving on. According to experts, the best way to cope up with grief is to connect with other people; knowing that there are people who understand and care for you may lessen the pain. Oftentimes, when the pain is taking time to heal, it is advisable to go to a therapist; they can help a bereaved surpass intense emotions. In the case of therapists, the challenge is not to â€Å"treat† patients but allow them to let loose of their burdens. For children who lost their parents, the goal is to inculcate in them that moving on does not mean detaching and forgetting rather accepting and starting a new life and commitment in two different worlds. It is also referred by Carol Crandall in her book, In a Time to Grieve: Mediations for Healing after the Death of a Loved One (1994) as "You don't heal from the loss of a loved one because time passes; you heal because of what you do with the time".

The Importance of Research on Animals :: Animal Research Science Experiments Essays

The Importance of Research on Animals Research on animals is important in understanding diseases and developing ways to prevent them. The polio vaccine, kidney transplants, and heart surgery techniques have all been developed with the help of animal research. Through increased efforts by the scientific community, effective treatments for diabetes, diphtheria, and other diseases have been developed with animal testing. Animal research has brought a dramatic progress into medicine. With the help of animal research, smallpox has been wiped out worldwide. Micro-surgery to reattach hearts, lungs, and other transplants are all possible because of animal research. Since the turn of the century, animal research has helped increase our life-span by nearly 28 years. And now, animal research is leading to dramatic progress against AIDS and Alzheimer's disease. Working with animals in research is necessary. Scientists need to test medical treatments for effectiveness and test new drugs for safety before beginning human testing. Small animals, usually rats, are used to determine the possible side effects of new drugs. After animal tests have proven the safety of new drugs, patients asked to participate in further studies can be assured that they may fare better, and will not do worse than if they were given standard treatment or no treatment. New surgical techniques first must be carefully developed and tested in living, breathing, whole organ systems with pulmonary and circulatory systems much like ours. The doctors who perform today's delicate cardiac, ear, eye, pulmonary and brain surgeries, as well as doctors in training, must develop the necessary skills before patients' lives are entrusted to their care. Neither computer models, cell cultures, nor artificial substances can simulate flesh, muscle, blood, and organs like the ones in live animals. There is no alternative to animal research. Living systems are complex. The nervous system, blood and brain chemistry, and gland secretions are all interrelated. It is impossible to explore, explain or predict the course of many diseases or the effects of many treatments without observing and testing the entire living system. Cell and tissue cultures, often suggested as "alternatives" to using animals, have been used in medical research for many years. But these are only isolated tests. And isolated tests will yield only isolated results, which may bear little relation to a whole living system. Scientists do not yet know enough about living systems or diseases, nor does the technology exist, to replicate one on a computer. The information required to build a true computer model in the future will be based on data drawn from

My Personality And Educational Background Education Essay

IntroductionThis essay will ab initio pull a secret plan on my personality and educational background, subsequently on it will concentrate on what motivated me to analyze the Masters Degree at Bangor Business School consisting assorted motive theories. Learning manners and attacks will bespeak the manner I will larn to carry through the top accomplishment in the grade. I will set about a group coursework following this assignment, therefore I will draw out all bing every bit good as possible issues that may originate in the group work and will bespeak effectual and possible solutions. Finally I will pull a decision.BackdropStudy is one my favorite avocations. The household surroundings I have been raising up could non offer a great sum of wealth but encouraged me going ambitious for being Highly Educated. In 2003, after completing ‘A ‘level from Bangladesh I got admitted in Sunderland University and obtained BSC in Computer Applications. In June 2006 I started my first ca lling in a medium sized package house as a alumnus IT coder. Boredom caught me overnight due to luck of societal ambiance in that profession except interaction with machines. And as an extrovert individual, I enjoy societal interactions non merely in personal life but besides at work-place ; desire to ‘work with pleasance ‘ and eager to pursuit imaginativenesss in gesture. ( Eysenck ( 1970, 1990 ) ) After carry throughing a thoughtful consideration, I determined my future calling in banking sector as I ever had a acute involvement in the economic system, the concern and finance universe in general. Besides I gathered experience while analyzing in Sunderland University, from a short term employment at Barclays Bank Plc where I found a societal touch of mixing with new people and discovered my superb interpersonal and communicating accomplishments ; which trigger my purpose of fall ining Nationwide, the largest edifice society in the universe ( History ( Nationwide Building Society, 2010 ) ) , in January 2007. Since so I have been carry oning assorted managerial functions with great successes ; and late I have started gaining a concern & A ; direction oriented Masters Degree making can pitch up my calling in banking sector even further.Motivation factors to analyze the Masters Degree at Bangor UniversityHarmonizing to Huczynski & A ; Buchanan ( 2007 ) , human motive can be influen ced from assorted discrete but related positions. It is a cognitive decision-making procedure to take a end ; to accomplish that desired end our behaviors ever force, as we born with some unconditioned biological equipment. Such as, thrusts which are outstanding demands for being, which involve of holding O, H2O, nutrient, shelter, heat, and sex. Likewise some other demands can besides be categorised as thrusts after carry throughing innate demands which includes avidity for geting cognition, aspiration, love, and passion. These demands besides can drive a individual carry oning assorted hard undertakings. In my context, likewise other demands in thrusts class, avidity for geting cognition and being ambitious for highest making had driven me one time to go abroad in young person and same inherent aptitude encouraged me one time once more to get even higher making at Bangor. The aforesaid construct will be clearer by Maslow ‘s ( 1943 ) Content theory of Motivation which focuses on what ends persons seek and so provides agencies to accomplish those desired results. Content theory describes nine different types of motivations or demands, which drive persons to accomplish their ends. Those demands are categorised as biological, safety, association, esteem, cognizing and understanding, aesthetics, transcendency, freedom of question and look, and self-actualization. Notably, esteem and self-actualization demands encourage an person for being confident to develop his full potency. Taking Maslow ‘s Content theory into history, I strongly see myself, an person who is motivated by the influence of self-esteem and self-actualization, and who has utmost assurance and avidity to boom his full potency in existent. Therefore, my apprehension was taking an admittance in Bangor University in MBA in Banking and finance would carry through my expected end and would din my potency. There is a adage â€Å" taking right determination in right minute is another cardinal component to accomplish ends † . ‘Why people choose to accomplish certain ends? ‘ the reply will be ‘cognitive-decision doing procedure influences us to take the ends, since we are purposive in nature ‘ . Based on Vroom ‘s ( 1964 ) , Expectancy theory of motive which explains person ‘s behavior is driven by outlook. And outlook work in concurrence with high value of expected result. Correspondingly, a high outlook of accomplishing a top making every bit good as huge cognition in a specific country ( e.g. banking and finance ) , enormously influenced me to fall in in a Masters Programme at Bangor University, such a well-reputed establishment. Finally, societal influence is another major factor that motivates persons towards a end to accomplish. Based on Herzberg ‘s ( 1966, 1968 ) occupation enrichment theory of motive which focuses on how satisfaction influences an person to be motivated. In this theory two basic elements are widely discussed. One, intrinsic wagess are valued results which are controlled by single, such as feelings of satisfaction and victory. The intrinsic wages we can obtain by executing our expected activities. For case, some people like adventuresome and electrifying activities, such as mountain mounting, Bungee-jumping, sky-diving and so on ; those people volitionally perform such hazardous and dangerous activities for their ain pleasance. Most of the clip, the same doctrine is being followed by some other persons ; like, scientists, poets, writers, instrumentalists, and painters. I wholly comply with aforesaid theory in my personal context. For case, if I can finish the Masters Degree accompli shing expected consequence ( for illustration, differentiation ) , I will be mentally blessed of believing my all difficult plants have been paid off. This cherished feeling may trip my motive one time once more to prosecute myself for even farther faculty member every bit good as calling patterned advance, as it occurred before choosing Masters Programme at Bangor. Two, Extrinsic wagess are valued results within the control of others, such as acknowledgment, improvement and money. In my state of affairs, a concern related Masters Degree can speed up my calling patterned advance, and for non holding a concern background, my farther calling patterned advance in banking industry was in inquiry. Once I realised this affair I was intentionally believing of supplying a span across my experience and instruction. This realization steadfastly motivated me taking portion into MBA in Banking and Finance at Bangor University to run up in future calling ; which would offer me extrinsic wagess i n close hereafter such as, better calling chance, publicity, higher wage, celebrity, etc.Personal Learning manners and attacksHarmonizing to Huczynski & A ; Buchanan ( 2007 ) , Learning is the procedure of achieving cognition thorough experience which leads to a defying alteration in behavior. In psychological science, acquisition is one of the most fundamental every bit good as argumentative subjects. Because it is really hard to explicate ‘how do we larn ‘ , we can non see what goes indoors our caput, but it merely reflects when our behavior alterations. Besides sometimes, experiences may be the agencies of behavior alterations. On the other manus, our apprehensions are in a changeless province of development. We can larn things from milieus without recognizing that we have merely leant. It in my context, the first twenty-four hours when I moved in Bangor, I was non cognizant of about the university location, locations of talk theaters, how to register for the class. B ut in the really short period of clip, I managed to larn everything from milieus and experiences. Peoples ‘s larning manner varies, but there is a common acquisition rhythm called, ‘Kolb ‘s Learning Cycle ‘ , ab initio proposed by Kurt Lewin ( 1946, reproduced in 1948 ) , a German-american psychologist who got that thought from control technology, which subsequently on popularised by David Kolb ( 1984 ) . This Learning Cycle comprises four correlative elements demoing how people learn new things. One: people gain experiences from assorted happenings, two: every bit shortly as happening occurred people start detecting ; which reflects in their head repeatedly, three: so people start bring forthing general constructs of that happening, four: eventually people use already-gained constructs or experiences for future experiment. Again people have different manners to follow with aforesaid larning rhythm. Based on Kolb ‘s ( 1984 ) work, Honey and Mumford ( 1986 ) developed a Learning Style Questionnaire. Using that research questionnaire they identified four different acquisition manners which vary single wise. One: Militant, who ever eager to larn something new, two: Reflector, who wants to take clip and believe about the subject before larning anything new, three: Theorist, who wants to calculate out the correlativity between old and new constructs before acquisition, four: Pragmatist, who wants to experiment the subject before larning anything new utilizing already-gained experiences. ( See Figure-1 ) Figure-1: The Lewinian Experiential Learning Model ( after Kolb, 1984, p21 ) with the linked Honey and Mumford Learning Styles in italics ( Honey and Mumford, 1986 ) ( Learning Styles ( The Higher Education Academy Engineering Subject Centre, 2010 ) ) After researching on Kolb ‘s Learning Cycle in concurrence with Honey and Mumford ‘s Learning Styles, I consider myself a scholar who learns utilizing multi-styles. For case, I am an empirical scholar who largely learns from experience and ever eager to larn something new as an Activist ; however I take clip and believe about the subject before larning, like a Reflector ; so I start bring forthing basic constructs before tilting anything new, like a Theorist ; and eventually I would wish to experiment the new subject based on my already-gained constructs in real-life scenario before larning, like a Pragmatist. In inquiry of ‘learning attacks ‘ , based on Biggs ( 1999 ) and Butler ( 1993 ; 1994 ; 1995 ) research, there are three different sort of attacks to larning. One: Surface attack that involves implicitly larning the fact and memorizing it without minimizing the significance, which frequently leads desultory when reproduces the similar subject for appraisal. Two: Deep attack to larning that involves critical rating and good understanding the grass-root of the fact in concurrence with empirical constructs as person can decide if any different contexts arise. In a sense, Deep learners ever seek for the significance ; therefore it offers a life-long apprehension of the fact. Three: Strategic attack ( SCL ; Butler, 1993 ; 1994 ; 1995 ) to larning involves utilizing an organized manner to finish the undertaking on clip and accomplishing expected success. As Strategic scholars are ever achievement focussed, sometimes they may prosecute the attack merely to obtain the success with out hold oning the proper significances or facts of the subject. After finishing a comprehensive research I once more consider myself an person who learns by carry oning multi-approaches. When I tend to larn a new subject I critically evaluate the affair to understand the facts from the root degree and so prosecute to larn. At the same clip, I map out how to finish the undertaking on clip to give the success. Therefore, I have come into a decision of sing myself a scholar who learns by uniting Deep and Strategic acquisition attacks.Group formation and development phasesBased on Huczynski & A ; Buchanan ( 2007 ) , Group comprises two or more people who have face-to-face interaction ; knows each other ; witting about their rank in the group ; every bit good as everyone is aware of their affirmatory sovereignty as they endeavour to achieve their success. Although there is no strict regulation of organizing the group but it should n't travel over more than 12 people, because the bigger the group, the more hard to pass on with group persons. Group chie fly two types: Formal group, which is task-oriented ; comprises an official construction with dedicated direction to achieve successes ; tends to be lasting ; and uses to execute company ‘s cumulative aims. Where as, Informal group is about opposite of formal group by definition ; it is usually form for societal assemblages. George Homans has offered a comprehensive account in his book The Human Group ( Homans, 1951 ) that the environment is one of the biggest factors of the formation of a group. Here, he indicated about behavior of the group persons about their activities every bit good as how good they communicate each other ; because it is really of import of holding an amicable environment in the group and common apprehension among group members to finish the undertaking with success. George Homans besides discussed in his book that a group will be more likely succeeded if some basic factors can be considered before organizing it. Such as, one: Background factors which focus on material-facility demands, cultural variegations, handiness of technological installations, undertaking ordinances and undertaking ‘s economical state of affairs. Two: Required and given behaviors which focus on some indispensable behavior that group members must hold for working in a group ; to finish the occupation on clip group persons must hold to carry on some regular undertakings pass oning with others following certain ordinances ; persons have to take part in the group with their ain involvement, demoing a ‘can bash ‘ attitude all the clip. Three: Emergent or existent behaviors which focus on some other behavioral actions that group persons carry out in add-on to aforesaid factors ; like, if group members have good interactions among themselves, they may dish the dirt each other to take ennui though it could be forbidden by the authorization ; or misinterpretation may originate in sentiments among group members which can make division in the group. In summery, in order to organize a well-performing group we should be sing above mentioned factors really carefully. Research by Bruce Tuckman and Mary Ann Jensen ‘s which suggests a formal group ‘s development occurs in five phases ( Tuckman, 1965 ; Tuckman and Jensen, 1977 ) . The phases are: Forming, an initiation phase when persons hardly know each other, therefore they are largely occupied detecting about one another ‘s attitudes and backgrounds. Besides they try to happen out more about the regulations and ordinances of the undertaking. Storming, the most hostile phase when people try to happen their suited group, seek to act upon others, happen clangs between pick and suitableness of undertaking docket ; which may prosecute struggle with the authorization. Norming, the structured phase when group persons know their allocated undertakings, to execute the undertakings decently they start developing a common trust and good family among them. Performing, at this phase group persons largely occupied in problem-solving and working hard to accomplish the end on clip based on the a lready-formed construction. Adjourning, it is the reasoning phase when the group may recess due to task completion.Issues in group work and effectual solutionsAfter a thorough research on ‘group ‘ definition, formation theory and phases of group development countries, we have formed a formal group of seven students to carry through a class work and have undertaken twosome of group meetings to day of the month. We have considered assorted factors before organizing the group ; such as, background factors which includes, set uping a regular meeting room in the university campus ; taking people from different geographical locations to convey diverseness ; guaranting some technological installations, like computing machine, projector and flipchart ; implementing a rigorous policy of attending in meeting and volitionally take parting in regular undertakings to complete it on clip ; eventually, organizing a common fund to raise money for disbursals, like, photocopy, printing or traveling for interviews. We have besides considered required and given behaviors every bit good as emergent or existent behaviors before organizing the group. In footings of phases of group development we have merely completed Forming and Storming phases. In organizing phase we introduced each other, found out attitudes, backgrounds, strengths and failings ; besides produce the docket of the undertakings every bit good as basic regulations and ordinances of the group. The feverish phase was ramping phase. Although we had an organized pronunciamento for the meeting, group members still came up with batch of inquiries about how to get down the undertaking, taking the sample ( administration ) for the undertaking, questions on already given regulations in Forming session, leading, undertaking allotment, time-management and so on. In malice of all those struggles, we managed to organize a formal construction at the terminal to intensify the group following degree, which is Norming pha se where we are anticipating to organize a common apprehension and chumminess to trip our activities towards the completion of the group work on clip. Our group activities will be reported more in inside informations in group study before the entry deadline. However, so far the issues we have come across in the group work are as follows: Issue: Communication, as the bulk of the group persons were from outside of the United Kingdom and English was n't their first linguistic communication. Solution: We have decided to utilize English at all the clip with a slow and clear tone as we can follow each other ‘s pronunciations ; we are sing this issue as another larning point from the group work. We are besides promoting one another inquiring inquiries if any ambiguity turns up in the treatment. Issue: Decision devising, a important affair that rose in the storming phase around the countries such as, leading, how to outset of the undertaking, undertaking allotment, regulations in the group and time-management. Solution: At the storming phase foremost, we have selected a project- leader utilizing democratic vote system with all group members ‘ blessing ; project leader will take the group through out the completion of the undertaking and all group persons for aid him out. Second, we have sketched a project-plan utilizing Gantt chart for time-management every bit good as undertaking continuance ; besides have implemented a clump of regulations in the group, for case, go toing in the group meeting on a regular footing, finishing group undertaking on clip, maintaining amicable relationships with each other, 0 tolerance of any racism or intimidation activities in the group and we have decided to follow â€Å" dainty others, the manner you want to be treated † . And eventually, we have conducted single undertakings distributions utilizing group members ‘ common involvement. Issue: In inquiry of ‘how to command the group activities ‘ and ‘using leading power ‘ we discussed among the group for a common solution. Solution: As ‘controlling ‘ is a critical portion of direction procedure and to actuate persons and to accomplish ends, we have given an excess attention to do this happen by implementing rigorous regulations as I mentioned earlier, besides leader will supervise the activities really closely all the clip. Again, in respects of ‘using leading power ‘ , we have agreed that leader will non set about any determination without bulk of the group members ‘ consent ; because bulk of the group members ‘ reserve the power to take a new leader, if necessary. In future group-activities, if there any other issues originate, those will be dealt on the virtue of the job.DecisionTo reason, this essay has clearly defined my motive of taking portion in Masters Degree programme at Bangor get downing with a brief background refering my household surroundings, personality and ideal work-environment ; which I have mentioned to demo how those elements could impact upon person ‘s motive. Then with coaction of assorted motive theories, ( such as, content theory, anticipation theory and occupation enrichment theory ) I have critically justified what motivated me for Masters Degree. After that I have drawn an attending on my acquisition manners and attacks utilizing an affectional acquisition rhythm. Subsequently on, I have focused on group formation and group development phases, as I will be taking portion in a group work merely after finishing this essay. In group formation and development phases, I have concentrated on assorted factors, ( such as, background factors, required and given behaviors and emergent or existent behavior ) which are really important elements to believe about earlier organizing a formal group. Those factors we have brought into consideration while organizing our group for following group work. Then I have focussed on group development phases ( organizing, ramping, norming, executing and recessing ) and have mentioned the current phase of our group. Finally, I have pointed out the issues and effectual solutions that I have already experienced while organizing our group for carry oning the group class work.